Chick Corea

小简介
Chick Corea是过去三十年间最重要的爵土乐音乐家。这个评价毫不夸张，因为在过去的三十年问，Chick Corea的音乐大大丰富了爵土乐舞台，他的风格几乎影响到每一位现代爵士乐音乐家。从个性来看，考瑞阿是一位从来不安于现状，满足已经取得的成功的音乐家，他总是不断进取，在最近二十年里，他参与了几乎所有重要的爵士乐活动，始终占据爵士乐流行的最前沿。而今他对于爵士音乐本身的认真求实的探索精神从未减弱过。
考瑞阿早在四岁时就开始学习钢琴，在他早期的音乐中。人们可以发现霍里斯．Silver和巴德．鲍威尔风格影响的痕迹。在早期的音乐实践中，考瑞阿曾经先后在多支重要的乐队中工作过，人们可以从他参加的乐队中寻找到他成长的轨迹。 直到1966年，Chick Corea才首次以指挥的身份录制唱片，这就是《为琼的遗骨写的曲调》，从唱片古怪的名字，人们不难看出当年考瑞阿的音乐个性。1968年他的三重奏作品唱片《现在他唱，现在他哭》成为了经典曲目。 此后，考瑞阿和著名的爵士乐女歌手莎拉．沃尔甘合作过，两人的精彩的现场演出使更多的爵士乐观众认识并接受了这位才华横溢的钢琴家。
1968年，Herbie Hancock退出了爵士乐大师Miles Davis的乐队。戴维斯向考瑞阿发出了召唤。1968年到1970年是融合派爵士乐产生的一个重要时期，考瑞阿在戴维斯乐队中担任了重要的角色，在戴维斯的建议下，考瑞阿开始演奏电子乐器。这个时期的代表作是《乞里马扎罗山一列人》，《以沉默的方式》和《迈尔斯在菲利莫尔》。在融合派爵土乐的产生和发展过程中，考瑞阿起了积极的推动作用。
离开了戴维斯乐队之后者瑞阿首先选择了前卫派爵士乐作为自己主要的音乐方向。他建立起一支注重音响效果的四重奏，中的成员包括了安东尼．布莱克领，戴夫．霍兰和巴里．阿特尔，这个明星荟萃的四重奏组合在圈内也是完美无缺的。但是考瑞阿从来不满足于已经取得的成功，从1971年开始，他再次转变自己的音乐发展方向。 1971年他再次和斯坦．盖茨合作，显示出他对于拉丁爵士重新萌发的兴趣。不久，他和一些拉丁风格的音乐家组建了一支巴西音乐旋律的乐队--“重返永远”乐队。在短短一年时间，考瑞阿神奇般地将这支巴西旋律的乐队变成了一支演奏时髦的融合派爵士乐的乐队，比尔．克诺斯和莱尼．怀特成为了乐队的成员，节奏强劲的融合派风格使这支乐队成为爵士乐坛最耀眼的明星。 七十年代末期，“重返永远”乐队宣告解散，考瑞阿保留了乐队名称，和克拉克一道建立起一支规模更大的乐队。在其后的几年中，考瑞阿始终如一地保持了自己注重音响效果的风格，无论他的合作者是谁，音乐都带有明显的个人特色。他先后和多位从前的伙伴重新合作，甚至参加了几次古典音乐的演出，表现出他音乐的多样性。 1985年，Chick Corea组建起一支新的融合派爵士乐队，其中帕蒂图西和维克尔成为了考瑞阿八十年代之后最主要的合作者，他们三人曾经组建过一支名为“音响效果”的三重奏组。进入到九十年代之后，帕蒂图西为了谋求个人的发展，离开了考瑞阿。这并末减弱考瑞阿继续探索电子音乐的倍队他仍然在为爵士乐和电子音乐的结合而勤奋工作。
Chick Corea三十年的音乐生涯是不同音乐经历的一种混合。1941年，他出生于马萨诸萨州的切尔西。四岁时开始学习钢琴，而且儿时家庭之中也是充满音乐的，整天能听到Charlie Parker、Dizzy Gillespie、Bud Powell、Lester Young和Horace Silver，另外Beethoven和Mozart的音乐也启发了他的创作天性。
Chick Corea早期的创作开始于和小号手Blue Mitchell（1964-1966年间）的第一次职业合作演出期间，这时他正式作为这支名为Tones For Jones Bones的乐队的领导者了。早期的合作对象还包括Willie Bobo、Cal Tjader、Herbie Mann以及Mongo Santamaria，使得Corea许多作品中的Latin音乐成分很浓厚。在帮Sara Vaughan伴奏一年之后，由于加入了Miles Davis乐队任电钢琴演奏，Chick Corea开始真正的成名。与Miles Davis合作的几年间，他参与了《Bitches Brew》和《In a Silent Way》两张划时代的Fusion经典作品的录音。也就是从那时开始，他组建了自己的先锋即兴演奏团体“Circle”，成员包括贝司手 Dave Holland、小号手Barry Altschul、萨克斯手Anthony Braxton。
1971年，在“Circle”成立三年之后，Corea改变了其音乐上的注意力。成立了早期版本的Return to Forever，乐队的风格很柔和、充满桑巴风味，这时Stanley Clark任贝司手，还有人声乐手Flora Purim，其丈夫Airto为鼓手，长笛手Joe Farrell。以这个班底制作了两张专辑和一部分独奏钢琴专辑以后，Chick Corea开始为乐队插上了电，走上Fusion的路线，这时还招募了两位充满火力的乐手鼓手Lenny White和吉他手Bill Connors。
在Chick Corea使用合成器形成其独一无二的风格的同时，Return to Forever（这时吉他手由Al DI Meola代替Bill Connors）以其开拓性的专辑《Where Have I Known You Before》、《No Mystery》和《Romantic Warrior》在七十年代的Fusion大潮中冲锋陷阵。当1975年Return to Forever解散，Corea又开始尝试录制不同风格的唱片，包括电子大乐队、独奏钢琴、古典音乐、强力二人组演奏（与Herbie Hancock或Gary Burton一起）。
八十年代中期，Chick Corea组一支电子乐队，制作了获格兰美奖的专辑《Leprechaun》、《My Spanish Heart》、《Musicmagic》，其他的一些作品还包括《Mad Hatter》、《Return to Forever Live》，以及与Joe Henderson、Freddie Hubbard、Hubert Laws、Chaka Khan和Nancy Wilson等人的一系列合作。
1996年，Chick Corea和Sony Classical唱片合作，与Bobby Mcferrin制作了一张Morzat系列作品的专辑，期间充满了Corea独特的爵士即兴演奏以及Mcferrin的人声录音，另外还包括两个Morzat的钢琴协奏曲、Morzat第二号钢琴奏鸣曲的即兴变奏。Chick Corea与Bobby Mcferrin因此成为好友，共同合作了六年，并制作了一张现场爵士的专辑。
Chick Corea has been one of the most significant jazzmen since the 60s. Not content at any time to rest on his laurels, Corea has been involved in quite a few important musical projects, and his musical curiosity has never dimmed. A masterful pianist who, along with Herbie Hancock and Keith Jarrett, was one of the top stylists to emerge after Bill Evans and McCoy Tyner, Corea is also one of the few electric keyboardists to be quite individual and recognizable on synthesizers. In addition, he has composed several jazz standards, including Spain, La Fiesta, and Windows.
Corea began playing piano when he was four and, early on, Horace Silver and Bud Powell were influences. He picked up important experience playing with the bands of Mongo Santamaria and Willie Bobo (1962-1963), Blue Mitchell (1964-1966), Herbie Mann, and Stan Getz. He made his recording debut as a leader with 1966s Tones for Joans Bones, and his 1968 trio set (with Miroslav Vitous and Roy Haynes) Now He Sings, Now He Sobs is considered a classic. After a short stint with Sarah Vaughan, Corea joined Miles Davis as Herbie Hancocks gradual replacement, staying with Davis during a very important transitional period (1968-1970). He was persuaded by the trumpeter to start playing electric piano, and was on such significant albums as Filles de Kilimanjaro, In a Silent Way, Bitches Brew, and Miles Davis at the Fillmore. When he left Davis, Corea at first chose to play avant-garde acoustic jazz in Circle, a quartet with Anthony Braxton, Dave Holland, and Barry Altschul. But at the end of 1971, he changed directions again.
Leaving Circle, Corea played briefly with Stan Getz and then formed Return to Forever, which started out as a melodic Brazilian group with Stanley Clarke, Joe Farrell, Airto, and Flora Purim. Within a year, Corea (with Clarke, Bill Connors, and Lenny White) had changed Return to Forever into a pacesetting and high-powered fusion band; Al DiMeola took Connors place in 1974. While the music was rock-oriented, it still retained the improvisations of jazz, and Corea remained quite recognizable, even under the barrage of electronics. When RTF broke up in the late 70s, Corea retained the name for some big band dates with Clarke. During the next few years, he generally emphasized his acoustic playing and appeared in a wide variety of contexts; including separate duet tours with Gary Burton and Herbie Hancock, a quartet with Michael Brecker, trios with Miroslav Vitous and Roy Haynes, tributes to Thelonious Monk, and even some classical music.
In 1985, Chick Corea formed a new fusion group, the Elektric Band, which eventually featured bassist John Patitucci, guitarist Frank Gambale, saxophonist Eric Marienthal, and drummer Dave Weckl. To balance out his music, a few years later he formed his Akoustic Trio with Patitucci and Weckl. When Patitucci went out on his own in the early 90s, the personnel changed, but Corea continued leading stimulating groups (including a quartet with Patitucci and Bob Berg). During 1996-1997, Corea toured with an all-star quintet (including Kenny Garrett and Wallace Roney) that played modern versions of Bud Powell and Thelonious Monk compositions. He remains an important force in modern jazz, and every phase of his development has been well-documented on records.
Corea started out the 21st century by releasing a pair of solo piano records, Solo Piano: Originals and Solo Piano: Standards, in 2000, followed by Past, Present & Futures in 2001. Rendezvous in New York appeared in 2003, followed by To the Stars in 2004. The Ultimate Adventure was released in 2006.