面对高重复率的英语论文,很多人都头疼。其实 Paraphrase(改写)是降重的核心方法,但真正做好并不容易。我之前经手过一篇重复率高达 58% 的英语论文,通过一系列 Paraphrase 操作,最终将重复率降到了 12%。今天就把这个全过程拆解开,给大家看看实际操作中该怎么动手。
📋 降重前的准备工作
拿到高重复率论文先别急着改,第一步得摸清重复率的具体分布。我当时用 Turnitin 查完报告,先把标红(重度重复)、标黄(轻度重复)的部分做了统计。那篇论文总共 8000 词,标红的有 3200 词,标黄的 1400 词,主要集中在文献综述和实验方法部分。
然后要分析重复内容的类型。有的是直接照搬文献里的理论描述,有的是实验步骤的雷同表述,还有些是观点引用时没做好改写。像文献综述里有一大段关于 “认知负荷理论” 的阐述,几乎和某篇经典文献一字不差,这就是典型的 “直接复制型” 重复,必须大改。
另外,得准备好参考工具。除了检测工具,还可以备一本同义词词典(比如 Oxford Thesaurus),以及 Grammarly 这类能检查语法和句式的工具。但要记住,工具只是辅助,真正的改写还得靠对内容的理解。
🔍 高重复率段落的 Paraphrase 案例
先看一段标红的理论引用,原文是:“Cognitive load theory suggests that the human working memory has a limited capacity, and excessive information can impede learning efficiency.” 这句话重复率 100%,因为直接来自某篇论文。
怎么改呢?首先把 “suggests” 换成 “proposes”,“limited capacity” 改成 “finite storage capability”。更重要的是调整句式,原来的并列句可以拆分成两个短句。改写后:“Cognitive load theory proposes that human working memory possesses finite storage capability. Overabundant information, as a result, may hinder the efficiency of learning.” 这样一改,既保留了原意,重复率直接降到了 0。
再看一段数据描述的重复段落,原文:“The experiment results showed that 78% of participants achieved higher scores after the training, while only 22% remained at the same level.” 这段标黄,因为和另一篇类似实验的表述太像。
修改时,先把 “showed” 换成 “indicated”,“achieved higher scores” 改成 “attained better performance”。然后调整语序,把 “while” 引导的从句提前,变成:“Only 22% of participants stayed at the same level in the experiment, whereas 78% indicated better performance after training.” 同时注意 “experiment results” 可以简化成 “in the experiment”,让句子更简洁。
还有一种是观点转述的重复,比如原文:“Smith (2020) argued that online education would replace traditional classrooms in the next decade, which was supported by the increasing number of online learners.” 这句话因为和另一篇引用 Smith 观点的论文表述相似而标红。
改写时,先把 “argued” 换成 “put forward the view”,“replace” 改成 “take the place of”。然后把非限制性定语从句改成独立句子,变成:“Smith (2020) put forward the view that online education will take the place of traditional classrooms within the next ten years. This opinion has been backed by the growing number of online learners.” 这样既改变了句式,又替换了关键词,重复率自然就降下来了。
📝 特殊句式的降重技巧
长难句是降重的难点,也是重复率高发区。比如这句:“It is widely accepted that the rapid development of technology, which has brought about significant changes in various fields, including education, medicine, and industry, has also led to some negative impacts on the environment.” 结构复杂,而且很多短语都是常见表述,容易重复。
可以把长句拆分成短句,同时替换核心词汇。改成:“People generally agree that technology is developing rapidly. It has caused great changes in many areas like education, medicine and industry. But it has also had some bad effects on the environment.” 拆分后每个句子更简单,重复的概率也降低了。
被动句改主动句也是个好方法。原文:“The survey was conducted by the research team in three universities, and data were collected from 500 students.” 改成主动句:“The research team carried out the survey in three universities and collected data from 500 students.” 不仅句式更简洁,也减少了和其他类似表述的重复。
还有一种是固定搭配的替换。比如 “play an important role in” 可以换成 “have a significant impact on”;“in order to” 可以换成 “for the purpose of”。但要注意,替换后要保证句子逻辑通顺,不能为了换而换。
🔄 降重过程中的常见问题及解决
改着改着会发现,有些段落改完意思变了,这是最麻烦的。比如有段关于实验变量的描述,原文:“The temperature was controlled at 25℃, and the pressure was maintained at 1atm during the reaction.” 一开始改成:“The temperature stayed at 25℃, and the pressure kept at 1atm when the reaction was happening.” 结果发现 “kept” 在这里用法不对,导致意思模糊。后来调整成:“We controlled the temperature at 25℃ and maintained the pressure at 1atm during the reaction.” 既准确又降低了重复率。
还有时候,改完重复率没降多少,这说明改写不够彻底。比如一段关于研究意义的表述,第一次修改只换了几个词,结果检测后还是标黄。后来重新调整句式,把肯定句改成否定句的反向表达,比如把 “this research is important for...” 改成 “it is not inappropriate to say that this research matters for...”,重复率才降下来。
另外,要注意专业术语不能乱改。像 “photosynthesis”“quantum mechanics” 这些专业词汇,替换后可能会导致误解,所以保留专业术语,修改其他辅助词汇和句式更稳妥。
✅ 降重后的检查与优化
改完一遍后,一定要再用检测工具查一次。我当时改完第一版,重复率降到了 25%,但还有几个段落标红。仔细一看,发现是有些引用格式不对,比如直接引用没有加引号,或者参考文献标注不规范。调整格式后,重复率又降了 5%。
然后通读全文,检查语句通顺度。有些段落为了降重改得太生硬,比如这句:“The study finds that kids learn more quick when they study with peers.” 明显语法错误,改成 “ The study finds that children learn more quickly when they study with their peers.” 既纠正了错误,又保持了低重复率。
最后还要和原文对比,确保核心观点没有丢失。降重不是为了改得面目全非,而是在保留原意的基础上降低重复率。如果发现某个重要观点被改没了,就得重新调整。
整个过程下来,那篇论文从 58% 降到 12% 花了大概 3 天时间。其实 Paraphrase 没有那么难,关键是耐心和方法 —— 先理解原文意思,再用自己的话重新组织,同时注意词汇和句式的替换。记住,降重不是一次性的工作,多改几遍,多检查几次,总能达到目标。
【该文章由diwuai.com
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