Ali Akbar Khan

小简介
阿里阿卡巴汗(Ali Akber Khan) 是印度沙罗达琴(Saroda)大师。沙罗达琴是六条主弦，9或11条共鸣弦的弦鸣乐器，以义甲演奏，声音有点像西班牙的古典吉他。阿里阿卡巴汗于1922年出生在印度中部麦哈(Maihar)地方的音乐世家。父亲 阿劳汀汗(Ustad Allauddin Khan)也是北印度的奇才，除了演奏沙罗达琴，大师对其他北印度的乐器舒拉新格(Sursingar) 小提琴、 塔不拉( Tabla)样样精通。阿里阿卡巴汗 除了向父亲学沙罗达琴外，也向不同乐派的老师学习土鲁帕德(Dhrupad)及卡哈也(Khayal)等兴都斯坦尼的声乐。
 
阿里在13岁就在阿拉哈拉甲(Allaharaja)表演，20岁那年他已经是马哈拉甲(Maharaja)及久达谱(Jodhpur)的宫廷乐师。1972年父亲过逝，阿里立志要继承父志，全心全力的投入印度传统音乐的表演或作曲的工作。大师也为印度孟加拉国(Bengali) 卡舒希多 帕山电影(Kshudhito Pashan) 及地威(Devi)和兴地(Hindi)电影安希源(Andhiyan)的配乐，此时他不仅是称职的音乐家，他独具国际观，希望能有机会将印度音乐推向世界。1955年，他终于被美国古典大师史贝克推荐，受邀在纽约的现代芸术博物馆表演，这是印度音乐从未有过的殊荣。从此他受到国际表演芸术的新星，不到二年，受邀到亚洲、非洲、欧洲荷兰、澳洲、加拿大、美国各大城市表演。并在日本、加拿大、美国加州成立AMMP印度音乐学校。1956年他又回加尔各达成立音乐学院。作育英才！
 
这时阿里阿卡巴汗乘他日隆的声誉，他适时的发表五种创新的拉格(Raga)，在印度不是一般的乐师可为的。这五种拉格成为阿里阿卡巴汗的代表作。钱德那单(Chandrannadan) 瓜力满力(Gauri-Manjari)、拉甲万提(Lajwanti)西瓦蓝加尼(Mishra-Shivaranjani)、欣兴都尔(Hem-Hindol)。
 
阿里阿卡巴汗的演凑出神入化，个人风格的拉格(Raga)更是好的没话说，常和大师搭配的塔不拉(Tabla)大师，如札奇胡珊(Zakir Hussain) ，敲德福利潘(Swapan Chaudhuri)及其它帕卡瓦甲(Pakhawaj)或兴都斯坦尼的声乐师，都是大师搭配的搭挡。 
 
阿里阿卡巴汗一生获奖无数。1963获颁印度总统奖/1963 Sangeet Natak Akademi Award/1988 Pagmaa Bhushan,Padama Vibushan 1992 Sangeet Natak Fellowship 等多项奖座。亦获颁美国加州芸大和加尔各达大学的荣誉博士学位。并于1970/1983/1996/1997 四度获美国格来美奖提名。阿里阿卡巴汗在印度音乐有”印度的巴哈” 及”国家的活国宝”尊称。诚当之无愧！
 
阿里阿卡巴汗出版的唱片CD无数，其中最重要有一套Signature Series 是Maker Liverson 于1970年以真空管录音的，当时是以音响测试片风行，也是笔者的印度音乐启蒙片，录音棒、音乐佳，全套五张，值得收藏。  
 
The son of influential Hindustani musician Allaudin Khan, Ali Akbar Khan is one of the Eastern worlds greatest musicians. A master of the sarod, a 25-stringed, lute-like, Indian instrument, Khan has brought the Northern Indian classical music to the international stage. A five-time Grammy nominee, Khan was called, by Yehudi Menuhin, an absolute genius, the greatest musician in the world. Tracing his ancestral roots to Mian Tansen, a 16th century musician in the court of Emperor Akbar, Khan began studying music at the age of three. Initially studying vocal music with his father, he studied drums with his uncle, Fakir Aftabuddin. Although he tried playing a wide variety of instruments, he felt most comfortable on the sarod. Training and practicing 18 hours a day, he slowly mastered the instrument. In 1936, he made his public debut during a concert in Allahabad. In the early 40s, Khan became a court musician for the Maharaja of Judhpur. He soon acquired the title Ustad (master musician).
In 1955, Khan accepted an invitation from Menuhin to perform in the United States. In addition to performing at the Museum of Modern Art in New York, he recorded the first Western album of Indian classical music and became the first Indian music on an American television when he appeared on Alistair Cookes Omnibus. In 1971, Khan performed with his brother-in-law, Ravi Shankar, during George Harrisons Concert for Bangladesh at Madison Square Garden. Khan received numerous awards including the President of India Award in 1963, the Padma Vibhusan in 1988, the Bill Graham Lifetime Achievement award in 1993, and the Asian Paints Shiromani Hall of Fame Award in 1997. He received the Kalidas Sanman from the Madya Pradesh Academy of Music And Fine Arts and became the first Indian musician to be awarded a MacArthur Foundation Genius Grant in 1991. Khan received a National Heritage Fellowship from the National Endowment of the Arts in 1997.
In 1956, Khan founded the Ali Akbar Khan College of Music in Calcutta. Teaching in the United States since 1965, he opened the Ali Akbar College of Music in Berkeley, CA, two years later. In 1968, the school moved to its present site in San Rafael. Khan teaches six classes a week for nine months a year. In the early 90s, the school opened branches in Fremont, CA, and Basel, Switzerland. The lengthy list of films featuring Khans music includes Chetan Anands Aandhiyan, Satyajit Rays Devi, and Bernardo Bertoluccis Little Buddha. He received a Best Musician of the Year award for his soundtrack for the film Khudita Pashan.